BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The central carbon atom is called the Calpha-atom and is a chiral centre. All amino acids found in proteins encoded by the genome have the L-configuration at this chiral centre. This configuration can be remembered as the CORN law.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each molecule contains a central carbon (C) atom, called the -carbon, to which both an amino and a carboxyl group are attached. The remaining two bonds of the -carbon atom are generally satisfied by a hydrogen (H) atom and the R group. Amino acids function as the building blocks of proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -These two amino acids, isoleucine and threonine, have in common the fact that they have two chiral centers.

Detailed explanation-4: -Amino acids (except for glycine) have a chiral carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (CO2-). This chiral center allows for stereoisomerism. The amino acids form two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.

Detailed explanation-5: -19 of the 20 proteogenic amino acids are chiral in nature. This means that they are not superimposable with their mirror image and that they contain four different functional groups bonded to the carbon center.