BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Albumin is the major protein component of serum and represents the largest peak that lies closest to the positive electrode. Globulins make up a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein but represent the primary focus of interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Serum proteins are classified as albumin or globulins. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the serum. It carries many small molecules. It is also important for keeping fluid from leaking out from the blood vessels into the tissues.

Detailed explanation-3: -Serum albumin is the largest protein component of human blood (50–60%), and is an important factor in the regulation of plasma volume and tissue fluid balance.

Detailed explanation-4: -The primary reason for performing serum protein electrophoresis is to discover a paraprotein or B cell dyscrasia. An irregularity in the gamma region can be due to a small monoclonal band, free light chains or oligoclonal IgG.

Detailed explanation-5: -The different fractions of the serum proteins separate usually into 5 bands, as – the albumin, 1, 2, , and the globulin fractions. In the interpretation of SPEP, more attention is given to the gamma region, which is mainly composed of Immunoglobulin.