BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Perhaps more important, however, is carbon’s capacity for covalent bonding. Because a C atom can form covalent bonds to as many as four other atoms, it’s well suited to form the basic skeleton, or “backbone, ” of a macromolecule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon forms the backbone of many of the biological systems on Earth. It can make 4 single bonds: It can also form double bonds: All living things contain carbon.

Detailed explanation-3: -As a result, carbon now has 4 unpaired valence electrons with which it can form four bonds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbon’s ability to form up to four covalent bonds means chains and rings of carbon can form. This means many different molecular structures can be built from this versatile atom. Carbon can easily bond to lots of other elements, including hydrogen, oxygen and the halogens.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: Carbon is called the backbone of organic chemistry because all known lifeforms are composed of carbon compounds. This is also why the living organisms of Earth are called carbon-based lifeforms.