BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Carbohydrates are polar substances that have low molecular forms. They are commonly known as sugars. Sugars are soluble in water. So, carbohydrates are hydrophilic substances because of their polar OH groups.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in water. Carbohydrates and proteins are hydrophilic and able to form hydrogen bonds with water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sugars have the general chemical formula CH2O and can be joined together almost infinitely for storage. However, because they are hydrophilic, they allow water molecules to intercalate between them, and cannot pack as efficiently as fats, which are hydrophobic and thus exclude water.

Detailed explanation-4: -The major difference is that carbohydrates are polar and hydrophilic so it dissolves easily in water. Lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic so it does not mix with water. OH bonds in carbs make it hydrophilic. Lipids lack the OH bonds.

Detailed explanation-5: -Glucose has hydrophilic nature. Therefore, cell membranes act as barriers to most molecules. For water molecules and a few other small molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, the lipid bilayer is permeable.