BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -This acetate, bound to the active thiol group of coenzyme A, enters the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) where it is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide. This pathway thus allows cells to obtain energy from fat.

Detailed explanation-2: -The net product of the glyoxylate cycle is succinate, which can be used to replenish TCA cycle intermediates or to generate metabolites for gluconeogenesis and other biosynthetic processes. Thus, the glyoxylate cycle provides an effective route for growth on fatty acids and C2 compounds such as acetate and ethanol.

Detailed explanation-3: -The glyoxylate cycle, also called the glyoxylate shunt, is present in fungi, plants, and bacteria, but not in mammals. The cycle is essential for growth on two-carbon compounds such as ethanol and acetate, and plays an anaplerotic role in the provision of precursors for biosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -The glyoxylate cycle enables acetyl-CoA to be converted into malate. The glyoxylate cycle occurs in the peroxisomes and converts the acetyl-CoA produced by ß-oxidation of fatty acids into succinate (Fig. 10.1). Then, succinate is converted in malate through the TCA cycle.

Detailed explanation-5: -Isocitrate lyase and malate synthase are the key enzymes of glyoxylate cycle that represents the most important stage on the pathway of conversion of fatty acids to carbohydrates.