BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Mono is derived from the Greek word for one. In chemistry, it often means containing only one, so the term monosaccharide means one saccharide or one sugar, indicating that it is a molecule composed of only one sugar unit and not of two or more sugar units joined together).

Detailed explanation-2: -The name “saccharide” is derived from the Greek, meaning sugar. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and are composed of a single molecule or subunit. The disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked together, and polysaccharides are composed of 3 or more monosaccharides linked together.

Detailed explanation-3: -1.3 Oligosaccharide. Oligosaccharide is the short chain of monosaccharide unit which composed of 3-10 molecules connected by glycosidic linkage. The most common example of oligosaccharide is raffinose.

Detailed explanation-4: -Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is, they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (―OH), and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose).

Detailed explanation-5: -Monosaccharides have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monosaccharides or simple sugars include glucose, galactose, and fructose. Although their chemical formulas are the same, they have different structural formulas.