BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -4: Sucrose is formed when a monomer of glucose and a monomer of fructose are joined in a dehydration reaction to form a glycosidic bond. In the process, a water molecule is lost. By convention, the carbon atoms in a monosaccharide are numbered from the terminal carbon closest to the carbonyl group.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sucrose is a disaccharide and is composed of a glucose and a fructose molecule. When sucrose undergoes a hydrolysis reaction, it splits up into glucose and fructose.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glucose and fructose combine to produce the disaccharide sucrose in a condensation reaction.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glyceraldehyde is formed from both glucose and fructose. Glyceraldehyde isomerizes to dihydroxyacetone, both of which dehydrated to form pyruvaldehyde, which is further decomposed to acids. Erythrose is produced from both glucose and fructose and further decomposes to acids and other products.

Detailed explanation-5: -The biosynthesis of sucrose proceeds via the precursors UDP-glucose and fructose 6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme sucrose-6-phosphate synthase. The energy for the reaction is gained by the cleavage of uridine diphosphate (UDP). Sucrose is formed by plants, algae and cyanobacteria but not by other organisms.