BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The major dietary source of galactose is lactose, a disaccharide formed from one molecule of glucose plus one of galactose. Lactose is found only in milk; after weaning, significant quantities of dietary lactose are found only in dairy products (Table 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -galactose, a member of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). It is usually found in nature combined with other sugars, as, for example, in lactose (milk sugar).

Detailed explanation-3: -Answer: (i) Lactose sugar is present in the milk. (ii) There are two saccharide units present in the milk: glucose and galactose.

Detailed explanation-4: -Galactose is a C4 epimer of glucose. Galactose, which is of particular relevance to mammals, is mostly produced by hydrolysis of the milk sugar lactose, a disaccharide with a glycosidic linkage between glucose and galactose. Free galactose concentrations in plasma are usually <10 mg/dL (0.56 mM) (Kaempf et al., 1988).

Detailed explanation-5: -Lactose, found in dairy products and as an extender in drugs, has been considered the primary source of galactose in the diet.