BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -D-arabinose and D-ribose are the pair of sugars that are epimers of each other. They are diastereoisomers that differ from the –OH group at the C2 position.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most nutritionally important and abundant monosaccharide is glucose, which is used as the major cell fuel in the human body and can be found unbound in body tissues and fluids. Glucose is the building block of several polysaccharides. Galactose and fructose are also used as cell fuel.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ribulose is a ketopentose-a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including a ketone functional group.

Detailed explanation-4: -The enzyme reactions that form the metabolic pathways for monosaccharide carbohydrates (Chapter 2) include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation as the main means to produce the energy molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).