BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Traditionally, in carbohydrate chemistry, the furanose rings and the pyranose rings in carbohydrate molecules are shown in the planar conformation, placed on the plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper. This representation of rings is known as the Haworth formula.

Detailed explanation-2: -In chemistry, a Haworth projection is a common way of writing a structural formula to represent the cyclic structure of monosaccharides with a simple three-dimensional perspective.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fischer and Haworth projections are two types of illustration which are used to represent the 3D arrangement of atoms in carbohydrates. They are also used to compare different carbohydrates.

Detailed explanation-4: -Monosaccharide structures can be drawn in an open chain (acyclic) or closed chain form. The Fischer projection is used to represent monosaccharides in their open chain form, while the Haworth structure is used to represent the cyclic form. Glucose is shown here with its Fischer projection and Haworth structure.