BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form: NAD+; reduced form: NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form: NADP+; reduced form: NADPH) are two universal coenzymes functioning as hydride (H–) carriers at a standard reduction potential of −320 mV.

Detailed explanation-2: -Definition: A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD.

Detailed explanation-3: -NAD+, the oxidized form of NADH, is a molecule that can be easily reduced because of the resonance stability of the nicotinamide ring.

Detailed explanation-4: -Reduction is when a molecule gains electrons, such as when NAD+ gains the electrons from a hydride to become NADH. In this case, we say that NAD+ has been reduced to NADH. Oxidation is when a molecule loses electrons, such as when NADH loses its hydride to become NAD+.