BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Competitive inhibition is demonstrated by malonate’s inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase. Competitive inhibitors have a structure that is similar to that of the substrate and bind to the active site, inhibiting enzyme activity.

Detailed explanation-2: -Malonate is a three-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It is well known as a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. It occurs naturally in biological systems, such as legumes and developing rat brains, which indicates that it may play an important role in symbiotic nitrogen metabolism and brain development.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples of competitive inhibition include the inhibition of trypsin by -1-antitrypsin, chymotrypsin by -1-antichymotrypsin, dihydrofolate reductase by the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate, and the Krebs cycle enzyme succinic dehydrogenase by malonate.

Detailed explanation-4: -One common example of competitive inhibition is inhibition of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase by malonate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Malonate is a reversible inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Succinate dehydrogenase plays a central role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and as part of complex II of the electron transport chain. Beal and coworkers and others have examined the effects of intrastriatal injections of malonate in rats (Beal et al.