BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Enzymes are highly temperature sensitive, and are not functional at low temperatures and undergo denaturation at very high temperatures. Most of the enzymes in human body function optimally at the physiological temperature that is 37∘C.

Detailed explanation-2: -This optimal temperature is usually around human body temperature (37.5 oC) for the enzymes in human cells. Above this temperature the enzyme structure begins to break down (denature) since at higher temperatures intra-and intermolecular bonds are broken as the enzyme molecules gain even more kinetic energy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each enzyme has a temperature range in which a maximal rate of reaction is achieved. This maximum is known as the temperature optimum of the enzyme. The optimum temperature for most enzymes is about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). There are also enzymes that work well at lower and higher temperatures.

Detailed explanation-4: -Optimum temperature is the temperature at which enzyme activity is maximum. In humans, this temperature is 37.5oC that is same as the normal body temperature. A rise in temperature above 40oC results in denaturation of the proteins of enzyme. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Detailed explanation-5: -Salivary amylase activity is tested at 37 degrees Celsius because the normal temperature of the human body is 37 degrees Celsius and the activity of enzymes is most optimal at this temperature.