BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Enzymes are affected by the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) and the temperature. Enzymes are highly specific compared to other catalysts, and each enzyme is specialized for one reactant substance. This reactant substance is called substrate, and it is specialized for one type of reaction or a few reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Several factors affect the rate at which enzymatic reactions proceed-temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.

Detailed explanation-4: -Inhibitors. Enzyme inhibitors are compounds which modify the catalytic properties of the enzyme and, therefore, slow down the reaction rate, or in some cases, even stop the catalysis. Such inhibitors work by blocking or distorting the active site.

Detailed explanation-5: -Enzymes are affected by changes in pH. The most favorable pH value-the point where the enzyme is most active-is known as the optimum pH.