BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Temperature. At low temperatures, the number of successful collisions between the enzyme and substrate is reduced because their molecular movement decreases. The reaction is slow.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lower temperatures lead to slower chemical reactions. Enzymes will eventually become inactive at freezing temperatures but will restore most of their enzyme activity when temperatures increase again, while some enzymes lose their activity when frozen.

Detailed explanation-3: -In a cold environment, enzymes function more slowly because the molecules are moving more slowly. The substrate bumps into the enzyme less frequently. As the temperature increases, molecules move more quickly, so the enzyme functions at a higher rate.

Detailed explanation-4: -Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Why will most enzyme-controlled reactions occur slowly at a low temperature? A lower temperature means the molecules have less elastic energy, so they do not bind together as frequently.