BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Once mitosis is complete, the cell has two groups of 46 chromosomes, each enclosed with their own nuclear membrane. The cell then splits in two by a process called cytokinesis, creating two clones of the original cell, each with 46 monovalent chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chromosomes in diploid cells are arranged in homologous pairs. The diploid chromosome number of a cell (2n) is the total number of chromosomes in a cell. In the case of humans, 2n = 46, meaning there are a total of 46 chromosomes in a diploid human cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -As a cell prepares to enter meiosis, each of its chromosomes has duplicated in the synthesis stage (S) of the cell cycle, as in mitosis. Each chromosome thus consists of two sister chromatids. At the beginning of meiosis I, a human cell contains 46 chromosomes, or 92 chromatids (the same number as during mitosis).

Detailed explanation-4: -The other type of cell division, meiosis, ensures that humans have the same number of chromosomes in each generation. It is a two-step process that reduces the chromosome number by half-from 46 to 23-to form sperm and egg cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Each daughter cell will have half of the original 46 chromosomes, or 23 chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids.