BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -They are of three types: inorganic ions, prosthetic groups and coenzymes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cofactors can be metals (e.g. magnesium, copper) or organic compounds (e.g. heme, sugars, proteins). Cofactors come in three types including cofactors, coenzymes, and prosthetic groups.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two types of cofactors: inorganic ions [e.g., zinc or Cu(I) ions] and organic molecules known as coenzymes. Most coenzymes are vitamins or are derived from vitamins. Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in very small (trace) amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolism.

Detailed explanation-4: -Heme, biotin, flavin, iron sulphides, copper, and ubiquinone are examples of prosthetic groups. By interacting with the apoenzyme, it aids the enzyme’s action. Facilitates the enzyme’s biological transition. The enzyme is tightly coupled or stably connected with it.

Detailed explanation-5: -Prosthetic groups are a subset of cofactors. Loosely bound metal ions and coenzymes are still cofactors, but are generally not called prosthetic groups.