BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Abscisic acid (ABA) is a general plant-growth inhibitor. It induces dormancy and prevents seeds from germinating; causes abscission of leaves, fruits, and flowers; and causes stomata to close.

Detailed explanation-2: -Abscisic acid (ABA) is the sole plant hormone known to maintain seed dormancy; it acts through a gene expression network involving the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3).

Detailed explanation-3: -Cytokinin Promotes Cotyledon Greening by Repressing the Inhibitory Effect of ABA. Seed development and subsequent germination are regulated by several phytohormones, of which ABA promotes seed dormancy and inhibits seed germination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cytokinins are essential plant hormones. By stimulating cell division, they regulate shoot meristem size, leaf primordia number, and leaf and shoot growth. They can stimulate both the differentiation and the outgrowth of axillary buds. The cytokinins can mediate axillary bud release from apical dominance.