BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Fc Receptor Signaling for ADCP In ADCP the phagocyte is engaged by antibody, either directly via Fc receptor or indirectly via antibody-fixed complement, to engulf one or more opsonized particles or molecules, which typically including pathogens, infected cells, and their derivatives (45, 46).

Detailed explanation-2: -Phagocytosis involves opsonic and nonopsonic mechanisms. Opsonic phagocytosis relies on the binding of antibodies (IgG) or complement proteins to mark a particle or pathogen for internalization via the Fc or complement receptors; in contrast, nonopsonic pathways utilize PRRs such as dectin-1 or TLRs.

Detailed explanation-3: -2) Antibodies activate the complement system to destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in the cell wall). 3) Antibodies facilitate phagocytosis of foreign substances by phagocytic cells (opsonization).

Detailed explanation-4: -Another mechanism by which antibodies can response to pathogens is known as “opsonization.” By opsonization, antibodies enable phagocytes for ingesting and destroying the extracellular bacterium. The phagocytes recognize the Fc region of the antibodies coating the pathogen and foreign particles (Fig. 2).