BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Bud dormancy is a process in which plant meristems become mostly inactive (physiological processes do not completely stop) to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Various types of stimuli from the environment can induce bud dormancy as well as break dormancy including changes in temperature or day length [60].

Detailed explanation-2: -Bud dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. It may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. The exit from bud dormancy is marked by the resumed growth of the bud.

Detailed explanation-3: -Dormancy is a state of the seed characterized by low metabolic activity, desiccation tolerance, and insensitiveness to germination signals. Seed dormancy is based on an innate mechanism for preventing the germination before the arrival of the favorable environmental conditions for development.

Detailed explanation-4: -For plants, dormancy declares when to prepare their soft tissues for freezing temperatures, dry weather, or water and nutrient shortage. Instead of exerting energy in an attempt to grow, they know to stop growing and conserve energy until mild weather returns.

Detailed explanation-5: -Seed dormancy is a state in which seeds do not germinate despite the presence of all of the necessary conditions (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and light). It is caused by hard seed coat impermeability or a lack of supply and activity of the enzymes required for germination.