BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -ABA: A Key Player under Drought Upon drought stress, ABA-mediated stomatal closure reduces water loss by decreasing transpiration rate. Moreover, ABA progressively increases hydraulic conductivity and stimulates root cell elongation, enabling plants recovery from water-limited conditions [21].

Detailed explanation-2: -The plant hormone ethylene is known to play a key role in drought tolerance; in particular, lower ethylene levels result in higher drought tolerance.

Detailed explanation-3: -Abscisic acid (ABA) is considered the main hormone which intensifies drought tolerance in plants through various morpho-physiological and molecular processes including stomata regulation, root development, and initiation of ABA-dependent pathway.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plants growing in dry areas have developed xeromorphic traits to reduce transpiration under drought stress. Reduction in transpiration under drought stress conditions can also be achieved through leaf shedding (i.e. deciduous species in drought) as well as decrease in leaf number, leaf size, and branching.