BIOLOGY
HORMONES
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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the plant must be directly attacked by an herbivore.
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volatile “signal” compounds must be perceived.
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gene-for-gene recognition must occur
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phytoalexins must be released.
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Detailed explanation-1: -Phenolics. Phenolics are produced by plants as compounds able to repel herbivores, inhibit enzymes, attract pollinators and fruit dispersers, absorb UV radiation, and decrease competition between plant neighbors [11, 22].
Detailed explanation-2: -Attraction of predators by insect-induced volatile production. Some of the volatiles that are released in response to insect herbivory not only function as direct defenses, but also attract predatory species.
Detailed explanation-3: -Plants respond to herbivore attack through an intricate and dynamic defense system that includes structural barriers, toxic chemicals, and attraction of natural enemies of the target pests (Fig. 1). Both defense mechanisms (direct and indirect) may be present constitutively or induced after damage by the herbivores.
Detailed explanation-4: -VOCs in Direct Defence Against Herbivores and Pathogens In many plant species specific VOCs produced by plants give them direct protection against feeding herbivores by repelling them from attacking or by deterring feeding (Egigu et al., 2011).