BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Insulin is secreted by the -cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). This is produced by an influx of extracellular Ca2+ via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, whose activity, in turn, is regulated by the -cell membrane potential.

Detailed explanation-2: -Tucked away behind the stomach is an organ called the pancreas, which produces insulin. Insulin production is regulated based on blood sugar levels and other hormones in the body.

Detailed explanation-3: -While the beta cell produces insulin, the only blood glucose-lowering hormone of the body, the alpha cell releases glucagon, which elevates blood glucose.

Detailed explanation-4: -The pancreatic islets of Langerhans consist of several hormone-secreting cell types important for blood glucose control. The insulin secreting -cells are the best studied of these cell types, but less is known about the glucagon secreting -cells. The -cells secrete glucagon as a response to low blood glucose.

Detailed explanation-5: -The pancreatic beta cells are endocrine cells that synthetize, store, and release insulin, the anti-hyperglycemic hormone that antagonizes glucagon, growth hormone, glucocorticosteroids, epinephrine, and other hyperglycemic hormones, to maintain circulating glucose concentrations within a narrow physiologic range.