BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Gibberellins (GAs) affect flowering in a species-dependent manner: in long-day and biennial plants they promote flowering, whereas in other plants, including fruit trees, they inhibit it.

Detailed explanation-2: -Evidence suggests that gibberellins stimulate the growth of main stems, especially when applied to the whole plant. They are also involved in the bolting (elongation) of rosette plants (e.g., lettuce) after exposure to certain environmental stimuli such as long periods of daylight.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gibberellins are produced in greater mass when the plant is exposed to cold temperatures. They stimulate cell elongation, breaking and budding, seedless fruits, and seed germination.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gibberellins stimulate cell elongation by altering the rheological properties of the cell wall; as a consequence, the water potential of the cell is lowered allowing for water uptake and therefore an increase in cell volume.

Detailed explanation-5: -Florigen, a proteinaceous hormone, functions as a universal long-range promoter of flowering and concurrently as a generic growth-attenuating hormone across leaf and stem meristems.