BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Melatonin is a hormone that’s mainly produced by your pineal gland. The importance of pineal melatonin in humans is not clear, but many researchers believe it may help to synchronize circadian rhythms in different parts of your body.

Detailed explanation-2: -Melatonin plays several key roles, and can be considered the central “relayer” which conveys information about light–dark cycles. In mammals, melatonin is also essential in the regulation of reproductive behaviour and sleep.

Detailed explanation-3: -The main function of the pineal gland is to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information by the production and secretion of the hormone melatonin.

Detailed explanation-4: -Pineal melatonin is a hormone that regulates the body’s daily (circadian) clock and so melatonin is commonly used in human research to understand the body’s biological time. There is a rhythm to the biology of the pineal gland and melatonin is secreted according to the amount of day light a person is exposed to.

Detailed explanation-5: -Circadian rhythms are regulated by small nuclei in the middle of the brain. They are called the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN).