BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The major substrates of gluconeogenesis are lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids.

Detailed explanation-2: -Not all amino acids can be used for gluconeogenesis. The ones that can be used are termed glucogenic (red), and can be converted to either pyruvate or a citric acid cycle intermediate. Other amino acids can only be converted to either acetyl-CoA or acetoacetyl-CoA, which cannot be used for gluconeogenesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -A glucogenic amino acid (or glucoplastic amino acid) is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. This is in contrast to the ketogenic amino acids, which are converted into ketone bodies.