BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The most important hormone that the pancreas produces is insulin. Insulin is released by the ‘beta cells’ in the islets of Langerhans in response to food. Its role is to lower glucose levels in the bloodstream and promote the storage of glucose in fat, muscle, liver and other body tissues.

Detailed explanation-2: -Insulin is a hormone created by your pancreas that controls the amount of glucose in your bloodstream at any given moment. It also helps store glucose in your liver, fat, and muscles. Finally, it regulates your body’s metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insulin acts to increase uptake of glucose in the liver, decreasing gluconeogenesis and promoting glycogen synthesis. Thus, the hyperglycemia in the presence of high doses of insulin cause excessive production and storage of glycogen in the liver.

Detailed explanation-4: -Physiologically, 100% of endogenous insulin flows from the pancreas to the liver (Fig. 1A) via the pancreatic and portal veins. The pancreas releases insulin in quantal bursts every 4–5 min (2), with the liver retaining a major fraction of the pancreatic insulin (3).

Detailed explanation-5: -The pancreas has digestive and hormonal functions: The enzymes secreted by the exocrine gland in the pancreas help break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in the duodenum. These enzymes travel down the pancreatic duct into the bile duct in an inactive form.