BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Xylem transports water and mineral salts from the roots up to other parts of the plant, while phloem transports sucrose(sugar) and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plants.

Detailed explanation-2: -They are bordered by companion cells that carry out the cellular functions of a sieve-tube element. Phloem tubes can carry sugars and amino acids in a variety of directions; depending on where the source and the sinks are located (sometimes roots can be sources or sinks).

Detailed explanation-3: -Sugars produced in sources, such as leaves, need to be delivered to growing parts of the plant via the phloem in a process called translocation, or movement of sugar.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transport of amino acids to sinks happens mainly via the phloem, and to achieve this, the leaf-synthesized N compounds are loaded into the phloem of the minor veins.

Detailed explanation-5: -In most species, asparagine, and glutamine are most abundant in the xylem sap, whereas all amino acids are transported through the phloem [8, 9, 10]. However, within the xylem and phloem transport systems, the concentration of individual amino acids may vary, depending on plant species and environmental conditions.