BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of gastrin-stimulated acid secretion by activation of somatostatin receptor type 2 (sst2) in vivo, probably in part by blocking gastrin-stimulated histamine release from enterochromaffin-like cells expressing sst2.

Detailed explanation-2: -Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of gastrin release; its secretion is regulated predominantly by the cholinergic pathway, which inhibits somatostatin and thus stimulates gastrin release. Gastric acid secretion is inhibited by both the paracrine and circulating peptide (hormonal) effects of somatostatin.

Detailed explanation-3: -Somatostatin produces predominantly neuroendocrine inhibitory effects across multiple systems. It is known to inhibit GI, endocrine, exocrine, pancreatic, and pituitary secretions, as well as modify neurotransmission and memory formation in the CNS.

Detailed explanation-4: -Somatostatin secretion is also the direct effect of luminal acidification, since it cannot be affected by the axonal blocker tetrodotoxin. Somatostatin antiserum augments both basal and stimulated acid secretion (pentagastrin, histamine) (according to Schubert et al., 1985 (9)).

Detailed explanation-5: -Histamine H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors are the main classes of drug used to inhibit gastric acid secretion.