BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Vaccines help protect against many diseases that used to be much more common. Examples include tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), meningitis, and polio.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccines are available mainly for diseases caused by bacteria or viruses. Viruses lead to, for example, polio, measles, rubella, or hepatitis. Bacteria cause diphtheria and tetanus. Many people in Germany are vaccinated against these diseases.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vaccines stimulate the human body’s own protective immune responses so that, if a person is infected with a pathogen, the immune system can quickly prevent the infection from spreading within the body and causing disease.

Detailed explanation-4: -Viral vector vaccines use a modified version of a different virus as a vector to deliver protection. Several different viruses have been used as vectors, including influenza, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus, and adenovirus, which causes the common cold.