BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Auxin Activates the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase by Phosphorylation during Hypocotyl Elongation in Arabidopsis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Our data indicate that auxin activates the proton pump resulting in apoplastic acidification, a process contributing to cell wall loosening and elongation of the scutellum. Therefore, we suggest that the PM H+-ATPase is a component of the auxin-signaling cascade that may direct pattern formation in embryos.

Detailed explanation-3: -The plant hormone auxin is well known to stimulate cell elongation via increasing wall extensibility. Auxin participates in the regulation of cell wall properties by inducing wall loosening.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the plant cell, the dominant proton pumps are the plasma membrane ATPase, the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). All these pumps act on the cytosolic pH by pumping protons into the lumen of compartments or into the apoplast.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proton Pump Activation in Stimulated Parietal Cells Is Regulated by Gastric Acid Secretory Capacity: A Human Study-PMC. The .