BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -During glycolysis, a glucose molecule with six carbon atoms is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, each of which contains three carbon atoms. For each molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to provide energy to drive the early steps, but four molecules of ATP are produced in the later steps.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose is converted into ATP by cellular respiration. One molecule of glucose produces 38 ATP molecules by aerobic respiration in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. The steps involved in cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-3: -All of them catabolize glucose to form ATP. The reactions of cellular respiration can be grouped into three main stages and an intermediate stage: glycolysis, Transformation of pyruvate, the Krebs cycle (also called the citric acid cycle), and Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP and phosphate to ATP. ATP synthase is located in the membrane of cellular structures called mitochondria; in plant cells, the enzyme also is found in chloroplasts.