BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they conform to the general chemical formula (CH2O)x and are termed simple sugars. The most commonly occurring monosaccharides contain three to six carbon atoms in an unbranched single-bonded chain. Monosaccharides are signified by the suffix-ose.

Detailed explanation-2: -The monosaccharides can be divided into groups based on the number of carbon atoms in the molecules, thus: trioses have 3-C atoms, tetroses have 4-C atoms, pentoses have 5-C atoms, and hexoses have 6-C atoms.

Detailed explanation-3: -Although glucose, galactose, and fructose all have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6), they differ structurally and chemically (and are known as isomers) because of the different arrangement of functional groups around the asymmetric carbon; all of these monosaccharides have more than one asymmetric carbon (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-4: -Each of the three common monosaccharides is hexoses, containing 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen molecules in slightly varied configurations. The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Detailed explanation-5: -Monosaccharides with three carbon atoms are called trioses and these are the smallest monosaccharides, such as dihydroxyacetone and d-and l-glyceraldehyde. Those composed of four carbon atoms are called tetroses, those with five carbons are called pentoses, those of six carbons are hexoses, and so on.