BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Signal transduction initiates the transcription process by activating the so-called transcription factors, which are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transcription factors activate gene expression by binding to a promoter sequence in the gene’s DNA. The physical structure of DNA-which is packaged with proteins into chromatin-affects gene expression by controlling access to DNA. Where chromatin exists in the nucleus also influences gene expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -An activator protein bound to DNA at an upstream enhancer sequence can attract proteins to the promoter region that activate RNA polymerase (green) and thus transcription.

Detailed explanation-5: -All organisms and cells control or regulate the transcription and translation of their DNA into protein. The process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein is called gene expression.