BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A peptide bond is a chemical covalent bond that joins amino acids together to form proteins. A peptide bond occurs between a carbon atom of one amino acid with a nitrogen atom of the other amino acid by removing a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom to form a molecule of water.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hydrogen bonds in a protein molecule. Large numbers of hydrogen bonds form between adjacent regions of the folded polypeptide chain and help stabilize its three-dimensional shape.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cysteine is an amino acid that basically has a thiol side chain (SH). Therefore, two cysteine residues within a protein interact with each other’s thiol group. As a result, disulphide bond formation occurs (S-S). This process occurs by oxidation. A disulphide bond is basically a type of covalent bond.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: Covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions are the forces that stabilize the tertiary structure of a protein.