BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Adenine always pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds in DNA. Similarly, adenine pairs with uracil through two hydrogen bonds in RNA and guanine always pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds in both the nucleic acids.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is important to note that in RNA (RiboNucleic Acid), adenine pairs with uracil because RNA molecules do not contain any thymine. The shape of the uracil molecule is very similar to thymine; the only difference is that uracil (formula C4H4N2O2 C 4 H 4 N 2 O 2 ) is missing a methyl group (-CH3 C H 3 ).

Detailed explanation-3: -In RNA, uracil pairs with adenine. In a DNA molecule, the nucleotide thymine (T) is used in place of uracil.

Detailed explanation-4: -Uracil pairs with adenine through hydrogen bonding. When base pairing with adenine, uracil acts as both a hydrogen bond acceptor and a hydrogen bond donor. In RNA, uracil binds with a ribose sugar to form the ribonucleoside uridine. When a phosphate attaches to uridine, uridine 5′-monophosphate is produced.

Detailed explanation-5: -During the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template (transcription), uracil pairs only with adenine, and guanine pairs only with cytosine. Uracil is also a component of several coenzymes that act in conjunction with enzymes in several processes of carbohydrate metabolism.