BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Aneuploidy. This mutation either causes the loss or addition of a chromosome by the contortion of the chromosome set. Nondisjunction during meiosis or mitosis usually results in this mutation.

Detailed explanation-2: -An example of a human chromosomal alteration is the mutation that causes Down Syndrome. It is a duplication mutation that leads to developmental delays and other abnormalities. It occurs when the individual inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is also called trisomy ("three-chromosome") 21.

Detailed explanation-3: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-4: -An insertion, as related to genomics, is a type of mutation that involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA. An insertion can involve the addition of any number of nucleotides, from a single nucleotide to an entire piece of a chromosome.

Detailed explanation-5: -A trisomy is a chromosomal condition characterised by an additional chromosome. A person with a trisomy has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Down syndrome, Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome are the most common forms of trisomy.