BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Each gene’s code uses the four nucleotide bases of DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T)-in various ways to spell out three-letter “codons” that specify which amino acid is needed at each position within a protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -Only about 1 percent of DNA is made up of protein-coding genes; the other 99 percent is noncoding. Noncoding DNA does not provide instructions for making proteins. Scientists once thought noncoding DNA was “junk, ” with no known purpose.

Detailed explanation-3: -To manufacture protein molecules, a cell must first transfer information from DNA to mRNA through the process of transcription. Then, a process called translation uses this mRNA as a template for protein assembly.