BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -FMD is caused by an Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae, seven strains (A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia1) are endemic in different countries worldwide. Each strain requires a specific vaccine to provide immunity to a vaccinated animal.

Detailed explanation-2: -Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infects cloven hoofed (two-toed) mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and various wildlife species. The virus belongs to the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. FMDV is a non-enveloped virus with a single stranded RNA genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Which animals are susceptible to FMD? Among farm stock, cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats are susceptible, as are llamas and alpacas. Some wild animals such as hedgehogs, coypu, and any wild cloven-footed animals such as deer and zoo animals including elephants can also contract it.

Detailed explanation-4: -The causative agent is the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is a member of the Aphthovirus genus, family Picornaviridae. FMD is characterized by high fever, which declines rapidly after 23 days, and blisters inside the mouth and on the feet of the infected animal.