BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The RNA is a single helix structure and is not formed by complementary base pairing. The basic building block of nucleic acids is a nucleotide. They are the monomers, or basic units, of DNA and RNA. They combine to form polynucleotide chains, which give RNA its structure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Although RNA is a single-stranded molecule, researchers soon discovered that it can form double-stranded structures, which are important to its function.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain by chemical bonds, called ester bonds, between the sugar base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the adjacent nucleotide. The sugar is the 3’ end, and the phosphate is the 5’ end of each nucleiotide.

Detailed explanation-4: -Although usually single-stranded, some RNA sequences have the ability to form a double helix, much like DNA. In 1961, Alexander Rich along with David Davies, Watson, and Crick, hypothesized that the RNA known as poly (rA) could form a parallel-stranded double helix.

Detailed explanation-5: -A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The bases used in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). In RNA, the base uracil (U) takes the place of thymine.