BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is passed to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Function. DNA and RNA molecules have different functions. DNA stores genetic information for the cell, whereas RNA codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA molecules and the ribosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The information that dictates these structures and functions resides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is stored within the nucleus of the cell. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of “copy” of a DNA sequence made in the nucleus for carrying out these instructions.

Detailed explanation-4: -In modern metabolism, protein-based enzymes called reverse transcriptases can copy RNA to produce molecules of complementary DNA. Other enzymes can promote the production of DNA nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA molecules) from RNA nucleotides via challenging chemical reactions.

Detailed explanation-5: -Every cell in the human body carries a bundle of DNA in its nucleus-about three billion chemical nucleotides encoding roughly 30, 000 genes, discrete chunks of DNA that are translated into individual proteins. Each of the 46 chromosomes in a human cell’s nucleus bears thousands of genes.