BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA polymerases are the enzymes that build DNA in cells. During DNA replication (copying), most DNA polymerases can “check their work” with each base that they add. This process is called proofreading.

Detailed explanation-2: -In bacteria, all three DNA polymerases (I, II and III) have the ability to proofread, using 3’ → 5’ exonuclease activity.

Detailed explanation-3: -During DNA replication, an enzyme called DNA polymerase proofreads the genetic code of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Replicative DNA polymerases possess 3′ → 5′ exonuclease activity to reduce misincorporation of incorrect nucleotides by proofreading during replication.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA Pol II can proofread and process mismatches caused by the Pol III. Banach-Orlowska et al. showed that DNA Pol II is involved with replication but it is strand dependent and preferentially replicates the lagging strand.