BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The nucleic acid adenosine triphosphate (ATP), made up of an adenine nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, is involved in generating energy for cellular processes. The bonds between the three phosphate groups are high energy bonds, and supply the cell with energy.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses. A major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of genomic information. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, encodes the information cells need to make proteins.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are three kinds of RNA molecules: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, tRNA facilitates protein synthesis, and rRNA makes up ribosomes; therefore, nucleic acids are important for formation of ribosomes. Remember that nucleic acids are not used to synthesize ATP or store energy in any form.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function. The well-known structure of the DNA double helix allows this information to be copied and passed on to the next generation.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is the sequence of these four nucleobases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA in a process called transcription.