BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Note: A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. A key point of the genetic code is its universal nature. This indicates that virtually all species with minor exceptions use the genetic code for protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Because the genetic code is (almost) universal, an organism can potentially express a new trait if the appropriate gene is introduced into its genome. The transfer of genes between species is called gene modification, and the new organism created is called a transgenic.

Detailed explanation-3: -The universal triple-nucleotide genetic code, allowing DNA-encoded mRNA to be translated into the amino acid sequences of proteins using transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and many accessory and modification factors, is essentially common to all living organisms on Earth (1, –3).

Detailed explanation-4: -The standard genetic code (SGC) is virtually universal among extant life forms. Although many deviations from the universal code exist, particularly in organelles and prokaryotes with small genomes, they are limited in scope and obviously secondary.

Detailed explanation-5: -Evidence of Evolution: Universal Genetic Code Because of the genetic code, a lot of very different species have the same genes. Similarities and differences between the same gene in two different species can tell us how closely related they are.