BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.

Detailed explanation-2: -RNA polymerase generates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides. RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).

Detailed explanation-3: -To begin transcribing a gene, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA of the gene at a region called the promoter. Basically, the promoter tells the polymerase where to “sit down” on the DNA and begin transcribing.

Detailed explanation-4: -As complex molecule composed of protein subunits, RNA polymerase controls the process of transcription, during which the information stored in a molecule of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -In transcription, an RNA polymerase uses only one strand of DNA, called the template strand, of a gene to catalyze synthesis of a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand.