BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Living organisms have a number of carbon compounds in which heterocyclic rings can be found. Some of these are nitrogen bases – adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, and thymine.

Detailed explanation-2: -The genetic material present in all living organisms and viruses is DNA and RNA, which are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base, sugar and a terminal phosphate group. Nitrogenous bases are of two types: pyrimidines and purines.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s mass.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes.

Detailed explanation-5: -The fundamental component for all of these macromolecules is carbon. The carbon atom has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or “backbone, ” of the macromolecules.