BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The correct order of information flow in bacterial and eukaryotic cells is (a) DNA → mRNA → protein. Information within DNA gets transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by the process of transcription.

Detailed explanation-2: -The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”

Detailed explanation-3: -In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. Following RNA processing, RNAs exit the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they are utilized. mRNAs in particular carry the information for protein sequences. Thus mRNAs are used to convey genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-4: -"The flow of genetic information in the cell is always DNA → RNA → protein.” Retroviruses carry their genetic information in the form of RNA, which is reverse-transcribed to DNA. This DNA then follows the path DNA → RNA → protein using the synthetic apparatus of the virus-infected cell.