BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -One of the key molecules in DNA replication is the enzyme DNA polymerase. DNA polymerases are responsible for synthesizing DNA: they add nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template.

Detailed explanation-2: -The primary role of DNA polymerases is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to ensure the maintenance of the genetic information and its faithful transmission through generations.

Detailed explanation-3: -After the primer is in place on a single, unwound polynucleotide strand, DNA polymerase wraps itself around that strand, and it attaches new nucleotides to the exposed nitrogenous bases. In this way, the polymerase assembles a new DNA strand on top of the existing one (Figure 3).

Detailed explanation-4: -In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase is the main enzyme for replication. Other DNA polymerases are involved in the repair, proofreading and primer removal.

Detailed explanation-5: -In prokaryotic cells, polymerase III is the major replicative polymerase, functioning in the synthesis both of the leading strand of DNA and of Okazaki fragments by the extension of RNA primers.