BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The DNA in prokaryotes is contained in a central area of the cell called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Many prokaryotes also carry small, circular DNA molecules called plasmids, which are distinct from the chromosomal DNA and can provide genetic advantages in specific environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -The single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes (pro = before; karyon– = nucleus). Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes (eu = true).

Detailed explanation-3: -While most prokaryotes, like E. coli, contain a single circular DNA molecule that makes up their entire genome, recent studies have indicated that some prokaryotes contain as many as four linear or circular chromosomes. For example, Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria that causes cholera, contains two circular chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Prokaryotic cells typically have a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid. Since prokaryotic cells typically have only a single, circular chromosome, they can replicate faster than eukaryotic cells. In fact, a prokaryotic cell can undergo two rounds of DNA replication before the cell, itself, has divided.