BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: The two cell structures that are involved in protein synthesis are the ribosome and the endoplasmic reticulum. During protein synthesis, mRNA, messenger RNA, is copied from DNA in the nucleus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ribosomes are the sites in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place. Cells have many ribosomes, and the exact number depends on how active a particular cell is in synthesizing proteins. For example, rapidly growing cells usually have a large number of ribosomes (Figure 5).

Detailed explanation-3: -Ribosomes, large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They receive their “orders” for protein synthesis from the nucleus where the DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Detailed explanation-4: -The most prominent substructure within the nucleus is the nucleolus (see Figure 8.1), which is the site of rRNA transcription and processing, and of ribosome assembly. As discussed in the preceding chapter, cells require large numbers of ribosomes to meet their needs for protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Answer and Explanation: The nucleus and ribosomes work together to create a protein through the process of transcription and translation. The nucleus is the organelle that holds the DNA for cells. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where RNA polymerase copies DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA).